The US has 50 million or almost 20 percent of the world’s 280 million international migrants, far more than Germany (16 million), Saudi Arabia (13 million), and Russia (12 million). The US admits over ...

The H-2A and H-2B programs admit foreign guest workers to fill seasonal farm and nonfarm jobs, respectively. The H-2 program was created in 1952 by the Immigration and Nationality Act (Public Law ...

World wine production exceeds wine consumption, putting downward pressure on wine prices. Global wine production was 258 million hectoliters or 6.9 billion gallons in 2022, while global wine ...

Five million Mexican-born farm workers are employed on North American farms sometime during a typical year, including 50,000 in Canada, three million in Mexico, and two million in the US. Most Mexican ...

Employment in California agriculture (NAICS 11) averaged 404,000 in 2020, 10 percent more than average agricultural employment of 367,000 in 1990. Seasonality, as measured by the peak-trough ratio or ...

A USDA study of how 26 Mexican produce exporters complied with the FMSA included eight farms that began to export after 2011. Most Mexican export farms grow several fruits and vegetables, specialize ...

The H-2A program expanded in FY23. DOL certified 13,500 applications to fill 212,000 jobs with H-2A workers in the first two quarters of FY23, up from 12,000 applications to fill 193,000 jobs with ...

Economic theory predicts that the addition of migrants should have negative effects on local workers. Given a negatively sloped demand for labor curve, migrants shift the supply of labor curve to the ...

The value of US farm exports exceeded the value of US farm imports between 1990 and 2020. The value of US farm imports is rising faster than the value of US farm exports, leading to farm trade ...

The share of US workers who were union members fell to 10 percent in 2022, down from 20 percent in 1983. The wage and salary workforce rose by 50 percent between 1983 and 2022 while the number of ...

The top 15 commodities as reported by county agricultural commissioners generate a similar picture. Kern is the leading producer of grapes, almonds, pistachios, and tangerines and mandarins, while ...

The H-2A program allows US farmers who anticipate shortages of seasonal workers to be certified by DOL to recruit and employ H-2A workers to fill seasonal jobs, usually for up to 10 months. Employers ...