On average, a person in the richest 0.1 percent in the region emitted a staggering 477 times more carbon than someone in the poorest half in 2022, the most recent year for which data are available.

MANUEL B. Villar Jr., the country’s richest person, has barged into the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, a daily ranking of the world’s richest people. Villar, a former politician turned businessman, was ...