The circumference is the perimeter of the circle. An arc is a part of the circumference. A major arc is greater than half the total circumference, a minor arc is less than half the circumference.

To do this, you can hold the needle in the middle and rotate it. As it rotates, the needle then covers the surface of a circle. But if you are clever, the needle can make its 360-degree journey ...

To calculate the surface area of a cylinder ... Find the area of the cross-section using the formula for the area of a circle, \(A\) = π\(r\)². Multiply by the height of the cylinder.