These three explosive eruptions were likely VEI-3 events, though I wouldn’t rule out Gabillema-A having reached a small VEI-4 size. Other than having an unusual triple rift configuration, Gabillema is ...

The pre-colonial history (i.e. before the 16th century) of Tonga and West Polynesia still suffers from major gaps despite significant scientific advances in recent years, particularly in the field of ...