The CDI-AC (Capacitor Discharge Ignition – Alternating Current) system in the 139QMB engine is crucial for generating the electrical spark needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture within the engine ...

This paper presents a novel approach for optimizing the speed control of a four-cylinder spark ignition engine (SIE) using a filtered proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller tuned by the ...

The ever-growing complexity of engine and powertrain systems integration requires new control model. Torque-based control model enables flexibility and expandin ...

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