Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...

can identify unexpected unknown modulation types in real-world scenarios, which is receiving increasing interests in electronic countermeasures and signal recognition. However, existing OAMC methods ...

A key challenge is developing diodes capable of efficient signal modulation and sensitive detection of superimposed optoelectrical signals, essential for advanced VLC applications. In this work, we ...