What if Mr. Trump becomes president again and refuses to take the oath to uphold and protect our Constitution, as defined in Article II, Section 1, Clause 8? Can he refuse to take the oath and ...

According to Article VI, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, members of Congress, state legislatures, and executive and judicial officers are bound "by oath or affirmation" to support the Constitution.

Trump has taken this oath formally twice, during his 2017 and 2025 inaugurations, as required in Article II. Indeed, the framers of the Constitution deemed the presidential oath to be so important ...

The longstanding tradition of taking the presidential oath with one hand on a Bible stretches back to George Washington and was observed by Mr. Trump in 2017. But doing so is not a requirement.