Midsystolic murmurs — also known as systolic ejection murmurs, or SEM — include the murmurs of aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and atrial septal ...

In 1 patient (D.P.) a gradient of 10 mm. was observed between the in and middle positions in the right ventricle, and a further gradient of 10 mm. across the valve was noted.

Management of most patients with aortic stenosis, including the elderly, is straightforward. Asymptomatic patients, even those with severe valvular narrowing, have an excellent prognosis. [1, 2 ...

Describe the murmur of an atrial septal defect (ASD)? The murmur produced by an ASD is due to increased flow through the pulmonic valve, thus it is remarkably similar to that of pulmonic stenosis ...

It is recommended that patients with mild aortic stenosis (i.e., AVA ≥1.5 cm 2; mean gradient ≤25 mm Hg with normal flow) may undergo repeat echocardiography after 9-12 months, while moderate ...

Small but High-Risk Group Ribeiro noted that most patients with aortic stenosis—50% to 70%—have normal LVEF, normal flow, and a high gradient. Another 10% to 25% have paradoxical low-flow, ...