based CMOS image sensors (CIS) continues, with rapid progress [1-6]. Yet, due to unestablished quenching operation [5,6], realization of SPADs onto a CIS alongside conventional pixel circuitry has ...

Abstract: A video graphics array (VGA) (640 × 480) indirect time-of-flight (ToF) CMOS image sensor has been designed with 4-tap 7-μm global-shutter pixel in 65-nm back-side illumination (BSI) process.