Long before T. rex, the Earth was dominated by super-carnivores stranger and more terrifying than anything dreamed up by ...

Permian oceans also might have been poisoned with CO2, according to Andrew Knoll, a paleobiologist at Harvard. Oceanic bacteria eat organic matter, producing bicarbonate as a digestive by-product.

ExxonMobil produced 1.5 million barrels of oil equivalent per day from the Permian Basin by the end of 2024 and anticipates producing 2.3 million barrels per day by 2030, an increase of over 50%.

Mega El Niños could have intensified the world’s most devastating mass extinction, which ended the Permian Period 252 million years ago, a new study found.