Abstract: This paper proposes and numerically demonstrates an all-optical on-off keying (OOK) to 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format conversion using nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) ...

ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) is a modulation scheme where the amplitude of the carrier signal varies to represent binary data. Unlike OOK, which is a subset of ASK with only two states (presence or ...

Fig.1: NRZ signal (top) and eye diagram (bottom). Pulse amplitude modulation builds upon this concept by encoding data across multiple voltage levels. PAM4 uses four levels. A PAM4 signal can appear ...

Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is a transmission scheme that features multi-level amplitude signalling. We are all familiar with PAM2, typically known as non-return to zero (NRZ) or on-off keying ...

Different types of modulation techniques are used in telecommunication for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. With MATLAB tools we can analyse the modulation techniques used for ...

Abstract: An electrically controlled terahertz 1-bit complex amplitude modulation via an OOK (on-off-keying) resonant shifting on a coplanar meta-HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) array is ...

Some modulation methods are more immune to noise than others. Amplitude modulation methods like ASK/OOK and QAM are far more susceptible to noise so they have a higher BER for a given modulation.

Frequency-shift-free all-optical amplitude regenerators based on fiber-four-wave ... reasons [1], still benefit from using non-returning-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation format. Furthermore, ...

Amplitude modulation (AM) is by far the oldest form ... They’re what we call on-off keying (OOK) or amplitude-shift keying (ASK) today. Even though AM is the first and oldest, it’s still ...