The primary tumor/anal canal and rectum and mesorectal, presacral, internal and external iliac, obturator, and inguinal lymph nodes should be included in RT target volumes. The authors also ...

Local excision alone may be considered for select patients with early-stage disease. The primary tumor/anal canal and rectum and mesorectal, presacral, internal and external iliac, obturator, and ...

Rectal cancer recurrence of patients treated with long course chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision is low and is associated with pathologic involvement of the radial surgical margin. Rectal ...

Rates of mesorectal grading were similar in the 2 groups, and no positive distal resection margin cases occurred in either group. Limitations include the retrospective design, absence of randomization ...

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MRI was performed before operation, and the distance between the lower margin of tumour and the anal margin was ... model for end-stage liver disease; TME, total mesorectal excision. This study is a ...

trans anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) - the surgeon removes the cancer along with a border (margin) of healthy tissue total mesorectal excision (TME) - the surgeon removes the part of the rectum ...

The 2 main types of surgery for rectal cancer are trans anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and total mesorectal excision (TME). Trans anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a small operation. The ...

19 Pathology staging was provided by examination of the surgical specimen. The mesorectal surface (circumferential resection margin) was stained with India ink to make an assessment. The maximum ...