The diagnosis can usually be made with either an upright intravenous pyelogram (IVP) or renal ultrasound. In these cases, renal function may be lost if repair is not performed expeditiously.

Kidney stones are pebble-sized deposits that form when there’s too much salt and minerals in your urine. Learn whether men or women are more at risk, what passing one feels like, and how big ...

Also, the statement that intravenous adrenaline should only be reserved for profound shock or special indications, for example during anaesthesia, is perplexing. Seventy five per cent of anaphylactic ...