Indian state-owned refiners are pulling back from spot purchases of Russian crude for October loadings after the US announced an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports tied to Russian oil.

State-run refiners like IOCL, BPCL, and HPCL continue dirham-based payments for Russian crude, sidestepping dollar routes and rupee-rouble deadlocks amid rising pressure from the West.

India Oil Corporation has drastically increased its purchases of American, Canadian, and Middle Eastern crude oil to be delivered in September. After six months of appeasing Moscow without success, the President of the United States,