This paper deals with the torque vectoring control problem for uncertain in-wheel motor vehicles. The main objective of this study is to enhance the cornering performance of vehicles at high speed ...

This paper presents a novel four-wheel-drive electric vehicle layout consisting of one on-board electric drivetrain per axle. Each drivetrain includes a simplified clutch-less two-speed transmission ...

Logically, four-wheel drive (4WD) describes any four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that sends torque and power to all four wheels. Technically, so does the term all-wheel drive (AWD).