Concentration polarization of ion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis units limits operational current densities to the underlimiting regime, preventing process intensification by simply increasing ...

But while those images revealed the granular pattern of convection cells on the star’s surface, they didn’t capture the motion. That’s what ALMA just did, for the first time.

The star, R Doradus, is a red giant roughly 350 times the Sun’s diameter. Its convection cells are dozens of times the size of the Sun itself, and they rise and fall over a period of a few weeks.