Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with emerging evidence linking chronic psychological stress to immune ...

There are 11 criteria used to help diagnose SLE at which four must be present. Often early symptoms are nonspecific, and the disease is frequently incipient for many years. The diagnostic criteria ...

Data on study design, sample characteristics, comorbidities, and diagnostic criteria were extracted and ... Among the 11,614 patients with SLE included across the studies, 1325 (11.4%) had PTSD.

Tests that might fill this diagnostic gap are therefore needed ... a patient with a positive AVISE test is more likely to be diagnosed with SLE regardless of the number of criteria met,18 and that ...

In most clinical settings, caution must be exercised when attempting to employ classification criteria as diagnostic tools.

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2 Accurate early diagnosis is crucial for initiating effective treatments promptly, and biomarkers play a vital role in enhancing the ability to diagnose SLE early. Consequently, developing highly ...