Fig. 1 The lithography process. The projection lithography system. The advancement of semiconductor manufacturing is a key driver of electronic device innovations. As Moore’s Law progresses, ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research article is to apply topological optimization gradient algorithm applied to 1D and 2D photonic charged slabs. We compute the topological gradient using min max method ...

Abstract: For the conjugate gradient method to solve the unconstrained optimization problem, given a new interval method to obtain the direction parameters, and a new conjugate gradient algorithm is ...

Conjugate gradient methods form a class of iterative algorithms that are highly effective for solving large‐scale unconstrained optimisation problems. They achieve efficiency by constructing search ...

The nonlinear conjugate gradient method is a very useful technique for solving large scale minimization problems and has wide applications in many fields. In this paper, we present a new algorithm of ...