These days, quantum effects are frequently employed for incredibly accurate measurements. However, what is the precise limit ...

How can the strange properties of quantum particles be exploited to perform extremely accurate measurements? This question is ...

Based on the rising and falling of cesium atoms under a microwave beam, the NIST-F4 atomic clock is so reliable that if it had started to run when dinosaurs existed 100 million years ago it would ...

The first usable atomic clock was developed in 1955 by British physicists Louis Essen and Jack Parry with a cesium beam device. Over time, scientists developed a more accurate atomic clock using ...

Atomic clock scientist Jun Ye of JILA hopes such ... Both the NBS and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the U.K. developed cesium beam clocks in the 1950s. A key breakthrough came from ...

AT is formed by calculating the total number of vibrations at the resonant frequency of the energy transition between the levels of the hyperfine structure of the ground state of the cesium atom ...

That’s because this atomic clock’s oscillator is the electromagnetic radiation needed to bump an atom’s outermost electron to a higher orbit or shell. For cesium, it’s a microwave beam ...

These systems are used to characterize atomic ... of the clock. Today, a second is officially defined by counting the oscillations of the primary resonant frequency of a cesium-133 atom.

The current gold standard for ultra-precise timekeeping is the cesium atomic clock, where the tiny and ... gap can be bridged with an ultraviolet beam. “In the whole chart of all the nuclei ...

Cesium is evaporated at the cesium source to form a beam of well-separated cesium atoms that travel ... and many other applications in engineering or science. A cesium atomic clock needs a few other ...