Nitrogen (N) equilibrium isotope fractionation (15α) involving gaseous, dissolved, and solid phases of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) (e.g., NH3(g)–NH3(aq)–NH4+(aq)–NH4+(s)) represents a ...

Propylene carbonate (PC) in electrolytes is generally believed to lead to graphite exfoliation due to intensive cointercalation and ceaseless decomposition reactions. This paper reports the formation ...