Gut health plays a crucial role in athletic performance, recovery, and immune support, with prebiotics and probiotics often ...

Muscle cramping during exercise is a common problem among athletes that involves sudden, involuntary and painful muscle contraction during or after exercise. The occurrence of cramps is quite ...

Guidelines 10 years ago stated that carbohydrate intake during exercise should be 30-60 grams per hour, this developed to intakes of 90 g/h in some situations, but recently a paper was published that ...

Ketone esters have received a lot of attention amongst elite athletes but also in the media. We covered the potential role of ketones in these previous blogs (effects on glycogen and performance and ...

Caffeine is both a drug and a nutrient. A cup of coffee in the morning is used to wake up a cup in the evening is often used to work or study late. Athletes often use it to improve endurance ...

In a previous blog we explored how underrepresented women are in scientific research and we recommended that we need more studies in female athletes. However, research is slow, and takes time.

In previous blogs we have discussed the role of protein intake for muscle protein synthesis. However, muscle contains many different functional proteins. While most research has focussed on ...

Ice slush, or slurry, is a very low temperature (0-1 °C) drink made with blended ice and liquids. Although popular as ‘slushies’ and available in various bright colours in places like fairs, arcades ...

Sugar is a carbohydrate. The name carbohydrate indicates molecules built of carbon (carbo) and hydrogen (hydrate; water). It also contains oxygen. The general formula of carbohydrate is CH2O. In other ...

Caffeine is used by many athletes due to its potential as a performance enhancer. There is a substantial amount of scientific evidence to support this. How you get the caffeine into the body can vary.

In a previous blog I explained the reason for the grams per hour recommendations. In a large number of studies there seemed to be only small differences between individuals in terms of the maximum ...