One of the most prominent examples of quantized values lies within the structure of atoms. Electrons orbiting the nucleus ...

THE doctrine of Materialism, although often regarded as incredible, was not considered to be ambiguous. The statement that mind is a product of matter, although objected to as unlikely, was not ...

SCIENCE is steadily becoming severely specialised. The proportion of amateurs (in the restricted sense of the word) among original workers of all ranks decreases slowly but surely. The average ...

At the subatomic level, particles interact not only with one another, but with the quantum fields inherent to space, both owing to the presence of charged sources and also to the quantum vacuum of ...

The word magic is not often used in the context of science. But in the early 1930s, scientists discovered that some atomic ...

Ever since Max Planck introduced the idea of the quantum to the world, physicists have argued about whether reality is more like sand or water. Planck’s famous 1900 discovery that energy is grainy — ...

On a chilly evening in 1897, in the quiet halls of the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, a young physicist leaned over a glowing glass tube, watching streams of mysterious rays curve under the ...