Though Black inventor Garrett Morgan had patented an early gas mask in 1914, a full year before Haldane began his work, Morgan’s device wasn’t designed for battle; instead, wrote Leo DeLuca ...

Why are the French sometimes referred to, maybe not endearingly, as the Frogs? “When you put the gas mask on,” Arey says, “you look like a frog.” He’s right.

Private Kubicki died in service to his country on May 6, 1918. The students were part of Winnacunnet’s annual French exchange program under the direction of World Languages teacher Kelley Richards.