The report highlights Iran’s escalating reliance on technology to monitor and punish women defying the mandatory dress code. Central to this crackdown is the “Nazer” mobile application, a government-backed tool that allows citizens and police to report women for alleged violations.

A U.N. fact-finding mission into Iran's treatment of women reported that the Islamic republic was resorting to extreme measures in its drive to restrict their rights, including electronic surveillance and camera-drones.

Iranian authorities are deploying drones, facial recognition technology, and mobile applications to monitor and punish women who defy the country’s mandatory hijab laws, the United Nations has warned.

Tehran began using aerial drone surveillance and a new facial recognition software in April 2024 to monitor hijab compliance in public spaces.