The modeling of functional photonic devices that rely on molecular materials continues to be a major contemporary challenge. It is a challenge because, in the Maxwell equations, which govern the light ...

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Conversion costs A number of sources were used to inform an assumed per-unit cost for converting raw API and excipients into an FPP (‘conversion cost’). We reviewed reports of capital and operating ...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrates, which contain a relatively large amount of captured CO2 (almost 30 wt % of CO2 with the balance being water), represent a promising CO2 sequestration option for climate ...