But a new process can transform polyethylene plastic in days, using bacteria to eat the waste and then turn it into a biodegradable material inspired by spider silk.

Trash cans made of plastic or metal and built with lift, swing and hands-free lids can be found for under $20. Midrange models with a few good features cost between $50-$150.

The Rubbermaid Premier Step-On Trash Can is a utilitarian 13-gallon plastic trash can at a reasonable price. While it’s not the best looking, it is easy to use and the lid can stay open.

The material can’t yet reach the toughness of a plastic bag, for example, nor the elasticity of a rubber band. “We’re not quite there in those yet, but we’re pretty close,” Mr. Boynton said.