The modern history of Western Europe is defined by opposition. Europe is presented as a beacon of civilisation facing down ...

How a “history of the female body” speaks to similarities and differences between the sexes.

Vice President JD Vance recently cited medieval Catholic theology in justifying the immigration crackdown under President Donald Trump. “Just google ‘ordo amoris,’” he posted Jan. 30 on ...

Medieval folk were still guided by the Galenic principles of the four humours and ‘phlegm’ was considered the primary humour during the cold season. While contemporary sources cautioned against ...

The term 4×4 means a four-wheel-drive vehicle. Technically, the first digit is the number of wheels and the second is the number that are driven, so a four-wheel-drive pickup truck is a 4×4 ...

Medieval people were no exception ... While the concept of the four humors has since been abandoned by modern medicine, bloodletting and “leech therapy” continue to be performed in some ...