President Donald Trump returned to the White House in January determined to overturn decades of American policy and build a tariff wall around a U.S. economy that used to be pretty much wide open to foreign products.

The rulings against the levies in two federal courts – the U.S. Court of International Trade and the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. -- centered on Trump's unprecedented invocation of the International Economic Emergency Powers Act as a legal justification for tariffs.

However, the CIT ruled that Trump's tariffs exceeded the statutory authority of the law because the IEEPA does not grant "unbounded tariff authority to the President." The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia went further in Learning Resources v.