the water cooling was either active or not. “The experiment clearly demonstrates that thermoelectric module (TEM) cooling is very effective and is able to maintain PV cell 2 at 25 C while PV ...

The second configuration featured a manually adjustable PV panel capable of tracking the sun to maximize solar irradiation. Both configurations were tested using demineralized and distilled water.

Image: NREL, from paper ‘Unfounded Concerns about Photovoltaic Module Toxicity and Waste Are Slowing Decarbonization’. Outdated misconceptions about the toxicity and waste of solar PV modules ...