The pathophysiologic changes caused by a calcified aortic valve are the same as those caused by other forms of aortic stenosis and are related to the pressure gradient that develops between the ...

As a consequence, closed-chest mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis (MS) was the most common early and ... mathrm{SEP}}{44.3\sqrt{\mathrm{gradient}}},\] where AVA is aortic valve area (AVA) (cm 2 ...

Generally, significant stenosis refers to a >50% stenosis estimated using the ... significance can be performed with measuring translesional systolic pressure gradient or renal fractional flow reserve ...

A new edition on the loading guide has recently been published (2). It is now more clearly stated that the “H” factor relating the average winding to oil gradient to the hot-spot to top oil gradient ...