Learn about the climate changes that followed the end-Permian extinction, allowing select species to take over the planet's ...

The crisis for marine animals would have started when toxic levels of CO2 entered the shallows. Fish would have grown lethargic and slowly fallen asleep. "Perhaps the Permian ended with a whimper ...

This illustration shows the percentage of marine animals that went extinct at the end of the Permian era by latitude, from the model (black line) and from the fossil record (blue dots).

Bookended by extinctions, this era saw huge shifts in the diversity and dominance of life on Earth, ushering in the appearance of many well-known groups of animals that would go ... event devastated ...

After Earth's worst mass extinction, surviving ocean animals spread worldwide. Stanford's model shows why this happened.

Stanford scientists found that dramatic climate changes after the Great Dying enabled a few marine species to spread globally ...

3 min read The Cambrian period, part of the Paleozoic era, produced the most intense ... Among them were the chordates, to which vertebrates (animals with backbones) such as humans belong.

They then applied data from physiological experiments on living marine invertebrate animals such as clams ... to environmental changes of the end-Permian era based on their ability to survive ...