Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable (V) regions modulates antibody-antigen affinity is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

The second possible outcome arises if the actual duration exceeds that which the athlete had been told (fig 4, bottom panel). In this case, the anticipatory setting of the initial work rate, the ...