The UPSC PT pattern comprises of two objective papers. It differs from the preliminary examination (PT) in its syllabus pattern. There are some inclusions of new areas of studies and some ...

Introduction of the Aptitude paper (CSAT) in the UPSC PT is the major change after the introduction of Negative marking in the PT. The rational behind the suggestions for a change is that, a ...

The short O4–O W539 in the pre-PT conformation lengthened to ∼ 2.58 Å in the post-PT pattern in S 0 or S 1 (Table 1) from 2.50 Å in the 1.9-Å structure.