Since the satellite recording of ocean height began in 1993, the rate of annual sea level rise has more than doubled. In total, the global sea level has gone up by 10 centimetres since 1993.

They are persistent layers in the water column that have low oxygen concentration due to biological, chemical and physical processes. OMZs occur naturally, in contrast to similar "dead zones" that ...

A key factor, the team found, was a pattern of unusually weak winds during the summer months. This allowed the upper ocean layers — typically stirred and deepened by wind — to become shallower. With a ...

Each night, the organisms gather in a "vertical stampede" to feed at the ocean's surface. Research suggests the columns of swimming animals can create large downward jets that help churn the waters.

The deep ocean (deeper than 1km) is a CO2 sink. Deep water masses are cold and dense which minimizes vertical mixing with overlying ocean layers. This means what carbon travels to the deep is ...

However, Schulz says, researchers have a lot to learn about how tiny turbulent motions mix ocean layers of different densities, salinities, and chemical makeups in shallow bays and other water bodies.

The shrimp represent centimeter-sized swimmers, including krill and shrimplike copepods, found throughout the world’s oceans that may together be capable of mixing ocean layers — and ...

They found that turbulence increased 10- to 100-fold when anchovies gather to mate during the spawning season – and that the ocean mixing caused by the fish’s lovemaking is as efficient as ...