In a 2022 study, 36% of young males reported using protein powders and shakes, while 10% said they used other muscle-building substances such as creatine and growth hormones. In addition, 2.2% of young adult males reported using steroids.

Protein bars, shakes and pre-workout mixes are often used to maximize results at the gym. The supplements are also associated with muscle dysmorphia, a study shows.

A Canadian study, published Wednesday in the journal PLOS Mental Health, finds that young people who consume multiple muscle-building products are more likely to show symptoms of