Nonlinear optics is the study of how intense light interacts with matter. The optical response of a material usually scales linearly with the amplitude of the electric field. At high powers ...

However, it is known that Bwd pumping is preferable to Fwd pumping in suppressing signal quality degradation caused by nonlinear optical effects, especially the interaction between signal and pump ...

The book can be used for self-study, as a textbook for a one-semester course, or as supplement to other courses in linear or nonlinear systems. The reader should have some knowledge in introductory ...

linearize nonlinear models formulate linear models in a compact notation, manipulate them in an efficient manner and solve linear equations algorithmically using the theory on linear algebra read and ...

The basic topics discussed are: the twelvefold way, cycles in permutations, the formula of inclusion and exclusion, the notion of graphs and trees, matchings, Eulerian and Hamiltonian cycles, and ...

In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted a bimetallic standard (gold and silver) for the new nation's currency - with gold valued at $19.30 per troy ounce ...

When sentiment slumps and bond vigilantes return, is the only way for gold 'up'? especially when equity valuations seem unreasonably high Moody's downgrades the US government after warnings ignored A ...