If the distorted wave is incident upon a surface, a diffraction pattern ... equation 1 for Snell’s law can be written such that Slide 6. Critical angle and total internal reflection. Light ...

It might be small, but it’s a big feat. A lens has been built that is thinner than the waves of light it focuses. Such lenses, made from light-warping metamaterials, might someday replace the ...

The F-number of a photographic lens is a measure of its light-gathering ability, and is expressed as its aperture diameter divided by its focal length. Lenses with low F-numbers are prized by ...

A new way to control light using liquid ... “A single glass lens has a chromatic aberration [it focuses different wavelengths at different distances]; this is also true, or even more significantly so, ...