Focusing primarily on the Bene Israel and Baghdadis in the late 19th and 20th centuries, Joan Roland describes how identities begun under the Indian caste system changed with British colonial rule, ...

In the late 18th century ... bastion of Indian sovereignty before the colonial shadow spread over the entire subcontinent. Long before the British, India saw repeated invasions from the north.

In colonial India, that trust was deliberately fabricated ... visuals did the heavy lifting. Hindu deities, Mughal architecture, British royals, and alpine scenes stood in for quality, authenticity, ...

The British Empire began in the late 1500s under Queen Elizabeth I ... The 1830s had seen a push for colonial emigration to Australia. The Aboriginal people were met with violence and new diseases ...

Between 1800 and 1921 alone, an estimated 20 million people died of malaria in colonial India ... during the British Raj were sporadic and inconsistent at first. But by the late 19th century ...