In the throes of the Little Ice Age, Europe faced extreme winters, and even the mighty Napoleon succumbed to its icy grasp during the ill-fated Russian invasion. But as Mount Tambora erupted in ...

Nothing makes this clearer than the Great Dying—the cataclysmic collapse of indigenous populations in the Americas after European contact. In just over a century, up to 90% of the continent’s ...

With this knowledge, Barker's team predicted that the next ice age would ordinarily take place in 10,000 years' time. Related: An interstellar cloud may have caused an ice age on Earth.

With this knowledge, Barker's team predicted that the next ice age would ordinarily take place in 10,000 years' time. Related: An interstellar cloud may have caused an ice age on Earth.

As the Little Ice Age began releasing its grip during the 19th century, Euro-Americans moved to the Lake Ontario basin in larger numbers. This climatic shift proved integral to settler expansion.

Travel back 20,000 years into the last Ice Age, to a time when the upper reaches of the Blue Mountains were treeless and the ridgelines and mountain peaks laden in snow and ice.