"When it is a black fire, they add in potassium perchlorate, anthracene and sulfur ... "You have calcium chlorate, which again is going to bring that oxygen, you use lactose, which is just ...

Potassium chlorate (KClO₃) – even more reactive than perchlorate – ensures a hot, vigorous burn. Lactose acts as the fuel, burning quickly and cleanly into water vapour and carbon dioxide.

It’s probably the most-watched smoke in the world: The billows of exhaust unfurl before the watchful eyes of thousands every conclave — the only communication allowed from the cardinals locked ...

In 2013, former Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi revealed that the cardinals added cartridges containing potassium perchlorate ... potassium chlorate, lactose and chloroform resin would ...

Black smoke is produced by burning ballots with chemicals like potassium perchlorate, anthracene, and sulfur. White smoke is created by burning ballots with a mixture of potassium chlorate ...

One is potassium chlorate, which is a white solid used ... the ballots are burned with three different chemicals; one is potassium perchlorate, then there is anthracene, and finally, sulfur.

The black smoke is produced using a mixture of potassium perchlorate, sulfur ... The eagerly awaited white smoke results from burning a mixture of potassium chlorate, lactose, and pine resin or Greek ...

Now, they use a mixture of potassium perchlorate, anthracene and sulfur ... they use potassium chlorate, lactose and a tree or bush resin called rosin — which is typically used on violin bows ...

Potassium chlorate (KClO₃) — even more reactive than perchlorate — ensures a hot, vigorous burn. Lactose acts as the fuel, burning quickly and cleanly into water vapour and carbon dioxide.