Hypertropia: when the affected eye is directed upwards. Hypotropia: when the affected eye is directed downwards. Cyclotropia: a combination of the above.

I was training to heal eyes in Gaza. Then everything went dark They bombed our classrooms, our wards, even our patients – but I refuse to stop treating the injured.

Aim To study the demographics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations and treatment methods of thyroid eye disease (TED) in Singapore. Methods In this retrospective case series, we analysed the case ...

A 50-year-old woman presented with a right-sided isolated third cranial nerve palsy. MRI brain showed a mass lesion arising from the right clivus with extension into the cavernous sinus. Blood ...

Examination revealed hypertropia and proptosis of the right eye with limited extraocular movement of -1 in supraduction and -2 in infraduction and a 2 mm difference between eyes on exophthalmometer.

Thirty-one patients presented for surgical correction of unilateral hypotropia of the globe and blepharoptosis. The hypotropia and pseudoptosis were corrected by Knapp procedures. The Bell's ...