Other experts say, however, that Pawlik’s vision of a Caribbean sponge apocalypse is itself a mirage. On a normal, healthy Caribbean coral reef ... driving sea turtle populations to all-time ...

One of these, the majestic barrel sponge, can grow to a diameter of nearly two metres and can live for up to 2,000 years. Sponges play a vital role in the functioning of coral reef ecosystems.

Named for its ropy-looking long branches, Aplysina cauliformis, a coral reef sponge, provides a critical 3D habitat for marine organisms and helps to stabilize the foundation of coral reefs.