South Africa’s economy has been muted over the past decade, with GDP increasing by an average of only 0.7% over the ten-year period. Several structural constraints on the supply side of the economy, ...

Economists from South Africa’s top banks have downgraded their GDP growth estimates for 2025, with increased domestic taxes and high tariffs from the United States hurting the nation.

Evidence shows that Africa’s financial systems continue to be small in absolute and relative terms. They are based heavily on banks; few stock markets have sufficient liquidity; and the contractual ...

including South Africa’s. For South African banks, which often align their practices with international standards, this shift could spark a reevaluation of how reputational risk is applied ...