This map depicts the geographical span of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), showing the location of Rakhigarhi (blue), other significant IVC sites (red), and sites to the north and west from ...

The Indus Valley Civilization, in its mature phase, thrived for about 700 years, from around 2600 B.C. to 1900 B.C.

As part of renaming, in 2023, a government of India publication on the occasion of the G-20 summit in New Delhi referred to the Indus Valley Civilization as the Sindhu-Saraswati civilization.

The Indus Valley, or Harappan, Civilization flourished between about 3300 B.C. and 1300 B.C. in the region that is now covered by parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India ...

The script has remained undeciphered for more than a century. Carved stone seal from the Indus Valley civilization (ca. 2,500 B.C.E.). Photo by DEA/G. Nimatallah/De Agostini via Getty Images.