There is no standard ideal debt to equity ratio for all companies. It could vary from sector to sector, depending on risks and profitability among other things. For instance, a ratio of 2 may be ...

Jane A. Ou, Stephen H. Penman, Accounting Measurement, Price-Earnings Ratio, and the Information Content of Security Prices, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 27, Current Studies on The Information ...

The book-to-market ratio is a function of current and lagged changes in market value. The coefficients of correlations between book and market values decline smoothly toward zero as the lag increases.