Penetration value test on bitumen is a measure of hardness or consistency of bituminous material. A 80/100 grade bitumen indicates that its penetration value lies between 80 & 100.

Reading time: 1 minute The surveyor is the person who is supposed to make precise measurement that will identify the boundary. Surveyors help in providing unique contours on the surface of the earth ...

Building material is any material used for construction purpose such as materials for house building. Wood, cement, aggregates, metals, bricks, concrete, clay are the most common type of building ...

Concrete crack repairs are selected based on structural evaluation. Causes of concrete cracks should be first evaluated for successful crack repair selection.

Phases in life cycle of a construction project are initiation, planning, execution, performance and monitoring and closure phase of construction projects.

Reading time: 1 minute Transparent aluminum or Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) is an optically transparent aluminum which is a crystalline substance made of aluminate powder alloys. Aluminum being a ...

Foundation is the lowest part of the building or the civil structure that is in direct contact with the soil which transfers loads from the structure to the soil safely.

Quality tests on concrete are performed as a part of quality control of concrete structures. Different quality tests on concrete such as compressive strength tests, slump tests, permeability tests … ...

Different types of concrete are produced based on the constituent material, mix design, the method of construction, area of application, form of hydration reaction. Details of these various types of ...

Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods, procedures and their applications in strengthening of different types of foundations is discusse… ...

Demolition of buildings and structures are required for various reasons. Demolition methods and processes for buildings and other structures are described.

Types of Soil tests for building construction works depend on properties of soil. Design of foundation is based on soil test report of construction site.