Forecasting fiscal stability in municipalities is increasingly critical as public entities face unprecedented financial challenges. Recent research has adapted Altman's renowned Z-Score model — ...

Outlier Detection The z-score is used to identify outliers in a dataset. Any data point with a z-score greater than 3 or less than -3 is considered an outlier.

Figure 1: MVRV Z-Score effectiveness may be reduced due to diminishing volatility. View Live Chart 🔍 Peaks in the red zone signal overvaluation, suggesting optimal profit-taking opportunities.