Keysight Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: KEYS) today introduced measurement capability designed to help engineers quickly and accurately characterize PAM-4 (pulse amplitude modulation with four amplitude ...

In Part 1, we saw that, at transmission rates over about 30 Gbaud and especially for notoriously noise-limited PAM4 (4-level pulse amplitude modulation) signals, S-parameter mask requirements (Figure ...

One of the biggest changes that came with PCIe 6.0 was the transition from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling to PAM4 signaling. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) enables more bits to be transmitted at ...

Jenoptik is one of the few companies in the world to address the market for pulse modulation of high and low power lasers. The Digital Imaging business unit presents at Photonics West their highly ...

EKSMA Optics offers a wide range of high voltage drivers tailored for specific laser applications, including Q-switching, pulse injection, cavity dumping, and CW beam chopping. We have just introduced ...

How to use unfiltered PWM to drive high power loads. How to properly set the PWM duty cycle for high power loads. How to drive an incandescent lamp using PWM. Sometimes it’s necessary to drive a ...