In cases where associations are found, researchers must consider dosage response, differences between siblings and other factors to determine a cause-and-effect relationship. Ronaldo Schemidt/AFP via ...

The Trump administration's take on Tylenol and autism has led to confusion. It has put doctors who treat people who are pregnant or families with young children on the front lines of helping patients ...

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Most people have heard this before, but it bears repeating: Association does not imply ...

Most people have heard this before, but it bears repeating: Association does not imply causation. An often-cited example is that there is a very strong association between ice cream sales and ...

Claims from the Trump White House about links between use of the painkiller acetaminophen - often sold under the brand name Tylenol in the U.S. - during pregnancy and development of autism have set ...

Mark Louie Ramos does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...