The output devices are typically controlled by pulse width modulation: square waves of varying widths are produced by a modulator, which represents the analog signal to be reproduced. By tightly ...

A modulation scheme that’s gaining favor in many quarters is PAM4, and in this post we’ll look at the basics of PAM4 before turning to the test and analysis challenges it poses. PAM4 (four-level pulse ...

Those following the ProtoStack tutorials will be happy to hear that there is a new installment which explains Pulse Width Modulation. If you’ve never heard of PWM before, it’s a method of ...